Read the article "Statistics in the courtroom", by George Cobb and Stephen Gehlbach.  The paper was distributed in class but you can also access it on the course website (just below the link for Lab 7).


Questions:
1.  The authors on page 10 say that "The p-value turns out to be less than one in 100 million".  Give the formula that computes this probability.

2.  Use a simulated-based approach to test the hypothesis 
H0: p1-p2 = 0
Ha: p1-p2 < 0

Use alpha=0.05.

Submit the R code, the histogram of the simulated difference in the two sample proportions, and place on the histogram the difference from the actual data.